空中交通管制(ATC)中心系统的效能变化,直接影响到管制员的工作负荷和管制中心所辖空域的交通容量,是ATC系统的关键运行指标。基于系统行为表现的效能概念框架,采用系统效能分析的贡献度模型方法,对ATC中心系统的运行环境和工作过程进行了建模分析,构建了一个由9个外部环境变量和50个内部单元变量构成的ATC中心系统行为关系模型。通过采集系统专家和管制人员对外部信息贡献度和内部功能关键度的等级判断,计算生成了反映系统内外因素变化对系统效能影响的系统效能贡献度模型,并利用该模型对一个实际运行的ATC中心系统进行了效能分析评估,初步揭示了ATC中心系统效能变化的特点和规律。评估结果与运行专家对系统效能的经验判断具有较高的吻合度,验证了所创建的ATC中心系统效能贡献度模型及其分析方法的合理性。
The system effectiveness of an air traffic control (ATC) center and its variation directly affect the workload of a controller and the capacity of the airspace controlled by the ATC center. They are the key operational parameters of an ATC control system. Based on an effectiveness conceptual framework of system performance and the analytic method of a system contributory model, this article presents an effectiveness analysis procedure for the system of an ATC center. A 9×50 matrix is created which characterized the behavior of the whole system and the performance deviation caused by status changes of inner and outer elements. The value of each element contributing to the whole system is calculated upon an investigation of the opinions of system specialists and controllers. And the article performs an evaluation of the system effectiveness of an operational ATC center by this model, which reveals certain distinguishing features of system effectiveness and their variation. The evaluating results show good conformity with the judgment made by operation specialists, which verify the rationality of the effectiveness contributory model of an ATC system and the analytic approach used in this article.
[1] 张军. 现代空中交通管理[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005: 180-195. Zhang Jun. Modern air traffic management[M]. Beijing: Beihang University Press, 2005: 180-195. (in Chinese)
[2] 谢玉兰, 陈文秀. 美国空管自动化系统介绍[J]. 空中交通管理, 2007(6): 39-41. Xie Yulan, Chen Wenxiu. Introduction to U. S. air traffic management automation[J]. Air Traffic Management, 2007(6): 39-41. (in Chinese)
[3] 白松浩. 系统效能的概念框架及度量[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2010, 22(9): 2177-2181. Bai Songhao. Conceptual framework and measurement of system effectiveness[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2010, 22(9): 2177-2181. (in Chinese)
[4] 白松浩, 马锦永, 吕善伟.基于神经网络对管制中心系统的效能评估[J]. 电讯技术, 2004(6): 125-128. Bai Songhao, Ma Jinyong, Lu Shanwei. Evaluation of air traffic control center system effectiveness based on neural network[J]. Telecommunication Engineering, 2004(6): 125-128. (in Chinese)
[5] 夏正洪, 胡玉农, 白松浩, 等. 基于层次分析法对管制中心系统效能评估[J]. 计算机应用, 2008, 28(12): 3264-3267. Xia Zhenghong, Hu Yunong, Bai Songhao, et al. Performance evaluation of air traffic control system based on analytic hierarchy process[J]. Computer Applications, 2008, 28(12): 3264-3267. (in Chinese)
[6] 苗东升. 系统科学精要[M]. 2版. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 2006: 55-93. Miao Dongsheng. Essentials of system science[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 2006: 55-93. (in Chinese)
[7] Herman A. 绩效管理[M]. 刘昕, 曹仰锋, 译. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 2008: 92-114. Herman A. Performance management[M]. Liu Xi, Cao Yangfeng, translated. Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 2008: 92-114. (in Chinese)
[8] Stephen P R. 组织行为学[M]. 孙建敏, 李原, 译. 7版. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 1997: 225-266. Stephen P R. Organization behavior[M]. Sun Jianmin, Li Yuan, translated. 7th ed. Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 1997: 225-266(in Chinese)
[9] NASA. System engineering handbook. NASA SP-610S, 1995.
[10] 徐瑞恩. 武器装备效能模型和方法概论[J]. 装备指挥技术学院学报, 2002, 13(1): 1-6. Xu Reien. A reviews: methods for operations MoE of the weapon system[J]. Journal of Institute of Command and Technology of Equipment, 2002, 13(1): 1-6. (in Chinese)
[11] Saaty T L. The analytic hierarchy process[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill International, 1980: 20-49.
[12] 潘高田, 周电杰, 王远立, 等. 系统效能评估ADC模型研究和应用[J]. 装甲兵工程学院学报, 2007, 21(2): 5-7. Pan Gaotian, Zhou Dianjie, Wang Yuanli, et al. Research and application of the system effectiveness evaluation ADC model [J]. Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering, 2007, 21(2): 5-7. ( in Chinese)
[13] Bouthonnier V, Levis A H. Effectiveness analysis of C3 system[J]. IEEE Transactions on System, Man, Cybernetics, 1984,14(1): 48-54.
[14] Levis A H. Measuring the effectiveness analysis of C4I architectures. GMU C3I-186-P, 1997.
[15] 白松浩. 系统效能指数和效能因子的计算模型与方法 [J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2010, 33(11): 2112-2120. Bai Songhao. Computational model and method for system effectiveness index and factor [J]. System Engineering—Theory & Practice, 2010, 33(11): 2112-2120.(in Chinese)
CJA