航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (24): 632314-632314   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32314

第二届空天前沿大会优秀论文专栏

背负式进气道典型气动特性及流动机理

杨善超, 龙泓吟, 袁化成()   

  1. 南京航空航天大学 能源与动力学院,南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-28 修回日期:2025-06-04 接受日期:2025-06-16 出版日期:2025-07-04 发布日期:2025-06-27
  • 通讯作者: 袁化成 E-mail:yuanhuacheng@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12302299);冲压发动机技术全国重点实验室基金(2023-JCJQ-LB-018-007)

Typical aerodynamic characteristics and flow mechanisms of dorsal inlet

Shanchao YANG, Hongyin LONG, Huacheng YUAN()   

  1. College of Energy and Power Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
  • Received:2025-05-28 Revised:2025-06-04 Accepted:2025-06-16 Online:2025-07-04 Published:2025-06-27
  • Contact: Huacheng YUAN E-mail:yuanhuacheng@nuaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12302299);National Key Laboratory Foundation of Ramjet(2023-JCJQ-LB-018-007)

摘要:

对一种典型布局背负式二元曲面压缩进气道不同攻角下的流动特征及流动形成机理进行数值仿真研究。结果表明:随着飞行攻角的增大,进气道的流量系数和喉道总压恢复系数同时下降,当攻角由0°增大到10°时,流量系数下降了24.4%,总压恢复系数下降了14.8%。边界层隔道可以有效提高进气道的流量系数和总压恢复系数,流量系数提升约4%,喉道总压恢复系数提升约0.02。随着飞行攻角的增加,前体对背负进气道的遮挡效应诱导出现前体膨胀波,进而引起进气道进口前气流加速。进气道进口前马赫数较高且空间分布不均匀等是导致流量系数和总压恢复系数同步下降的主要原因。据此,建立此类背负式布局前体/进气道流量特性理论模型,揭示进口前马赫数和飞行攻角的线性相关性,并可据此预测进气道的流量特性。通过改变进气口在前体沿流向的相对位置,可改善边界层对进气道内流的影响,提升流量系数和总压恢复系数,但由于进口前马赫数依然较高且分布不均匀,提升幅度有限。

关键词: 背负式进气道, 边界层隔道, 流量系数, 攻角特性, 膨胀波, 线性关系

Abstract:

Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the flow characteristics and flow formation mechanism of a typical layout of dorsal binary curved compression inlet at different angles of attack. The results show that the flow coefficient of the inlet and the total pressure recovery coefficient of the throat decrease simultaneously with the increase of the angle of attack, and the flow coefficient decreases by 24.4% and the total pressure recovery coefficient decreases by 14.8% when the angle of attack increases from 0° to 10°. The boundary layer diverter can effectively improve the flow coefficient and total pressure recovery coefficient of the inlet channel, the flow coefficient increases by about 4%, and the total pressure recovery coefficient of the throat channel increases by about 0.02. The analysis of the study shows that, with the increase of the angle of attack of the flight, the masking effect of the forebody on the dorsal inlet induces the appearance of the forebody expansion wave, which causes the acceleration of the airflow in front of the inlet. The higher Mach number and uneven distribution in front of the inlet are the main reasons for the simultaneous decrease of the flow coefficient and the total pressure recovery coefficient. Accordingly, a theoretical model of the flow characteristics of the forebody/inlet for this type of dorsal layout is established, which reveals the linear correlation between the Mach number in front of the inlet and the angle of attack, which can be used to predict the flow characteristics of the inlet accordingly. By changing the relative position of the inlet along the flow direction in the forebody, the influence of the boundary layer on the inlet flow can be improved, and the flow coefficient and total pressure recovery coefficient can be enhanced, but the enhancement is limited due to the fact that the Mach number in front of the inlet is still high and unevenly distributed.

Key words: dorsal inlet, boundary layer diverter, flow coefficient, angle of attack characteristic, expansion waves, linear relationship

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