李军府1,2,3, 赵彦2(
), 王伟2, 谢露2, 张辉2, 王龙2, 袁麟2, 谭玉婷2, 宁宇2,3
收稿日期:2025-04-02
修回日期:2025-05-26
接受日期:2025-06-03
出版日期:2025-06-23
发布日期:2025-06-10
通讯作者:
赵彦
E-mail:zhaoyan19920504@163.com
Junfu LI1,2,3, Yan ZHAO2(
), Wei WANG2, Lu XIE2, Hui ZHANG2, Long WANG2, Lin YUAN2, Yuting TAN2, Yu NING2,3
Received:2025-04-02
Revised:2025-05-26
Accepted:2025-06-03
Online:2025-06-23
Published:2025-06-10
Contact:
Yan ZHAO
E-mail:zhaoyan19920504@163.com
摘要:
超声速客机能够在航线上长时间以高于声速的速度飞行,可将亚声速客机执飞远距离航班的飞行时间缩短50%以上,有效改善旅程舒适性。因而,绿色高效的超声速客机再次成为民用航空领域的研究热点。简要回顾了超声速客机的发展历程,重点综述了超声速客机投入运营亟待解决的总体气动方面的技术挑战,包括多学科设计优化技术、飞发一体化设计技术、外部视景融合式驾驶舱设计技术、低声爆设计技术、声爆抑制技术、超声速巡航减阻技术、声爆风洞试验技术,探讨了超声速客机关键技术的发展方向。
中图分类号:
李军府, 赵彦, 王伟, 谢露, 张辉, 王龙, 袁麟, 谭玉婷, 宁宇. 新一代超声速客机总体气动技术挑战与展望[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(20): 532069.
Junfu LI, Yan ZHAO, Wei WANG, Lu XIE, Hui ZHANG, Long WANG, Lin YUAN, Yuting TAN, Yu NING. Challenges and prospects for overall aerodynamic technology of next-generation supersonic passenger aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(20): 532069.
表 1
20世纪90年代后国际上部分超声速客机方案参数
| 年份 | 研究主体 | 项目 | 航程/km | 马赫数 | 乘客数 | 最大起飞质量/t | 过压/Pa | 地面声爆响度/PLdB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 俄罗斯苏霍伊公司 | S-21 | 5 028 | 1.4 | 6~10 | 51.8 | ||
| 2003 | 美国湾流公司 | Gulfstream QSJ | 8 890 | 1.8 | 8~14 | 45.4 | 7.2 | |
| 2006 | 英国克兰菲尔德大学 | Cranfield E-5 | 10 556 | 1.8 | 6 | 45.5 | ||
| 2009 | 美国超声速航宇公司 | SAI QSST | 7 408 | 1.6 | 8~12 | 69.4 | 14.4 | |
| 2009 | 欧洲 | HISAC-A | 7 408 | 1.6 | 8 | 51.1 | 45.0 | |
| 2009 | 欧洲 | HISAC-B1 | 9 260 | 1.6 | 8 | 60.5 | 74.7 | |
| 2009 | 欧洲 | HISAC-C | 7 408 | 1.8 | 8 | 53.3 | 20.1 | |
| 2009 | 欧洲 | Hawker/ Raytheon | 9 260 | 1.8 | 6~8 | 54.1 | 19.2 | |
| 2010 | 波音 N+2 NRA | 7 408 | 1.6~1.8 | 35~70 | 85 | |||
| 2010 | 美国Aerion公司 | Aerion AS2 | 8 334 | 1.4 | 8~12 | 54.9 | ||
| 2010 | 美国斯坦福大学 | Uni. Stanford | 7 408 | 1.6 | 6~8 | 43.1 | 20.1 | |
| 2013 | 美国 | Spike S-512 | 7 408 | 1.6 | 12~18 | 52.2 | 70 | |
| 2013 | 日本JAXA | JAXA SSBJ-M | 6 482 | 1.6 | 10 | 36 | 46.0 | |
| 2016 | 美国NASA | NASA X-59 | 1.42 | 1 | 10.2 | 75 | ||
| 2016 | 博姆序曲 | 7 871 | 水面1.7陆上0.94 | 65~80 |
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