航空学报 > 2024, Vol. 45 Issue (15): 229755-229755   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.29755

固体力学与飞行器总体设计

考虑坠撞环境影响的民机应急撤离实验

彭浩轩1,2,3, 刘小川1,2,3(), 惠旭龙1,2,3, 白春玉1,2,3, 李肖成1,2,3, 安昊1,2,3, 牟让科1,2,3   

  1. 1.强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,西安 710065
    2.中国飞机强度研究所 结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室,西安 710065
    3.陕西省飞行器振动冲击与噪声重点实验室,西安 710065
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-21 修回日期:2023-11-22 接受日期:2024-01-08 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-01-24
  • 通讯作者: 刘小川 E-mail:liuxiaochuan@cae.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    民用飞机专项科研项目(2017-XX-15)

Emergency evacuation experiment of civil aircraft considering crash environment impact

Haoxuan PENG1,2,3, Xiaochuan LIU1,2,3(), Xulong XI1,2,3, Chunyu BAI1,2,3, Xiaocheng LI1,2,3, Hao AN1,2,3, Rangke MU1,2,3   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity,Xi’an 710065,China
    2.Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics,Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China,Xi’an 710065,China
    3.Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Aircraft Vibration,Impact and Noise,Xi’an 710065,China
  • Received:2023-10-21 Revised:2023-11-22 Accepted:2024-01-08 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-01-24
  • Contact: Xiaochuan LIU E-mail:liuxiaochuan@cae.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    Civil Aircraft Specialized Scientific Research Project(2017-XX-15)

摘要:

民机可生存坠撞事故中的环境因素对乘员撤离具有重要影响。本文基于典型民机可生存坠撞事故场景特点,提出了可模拟典型坠撞事故环境的乘员应急撤离实验方法,介绍了机体姿态、环境声/光、客舱障碍物、舷窗视效环境的模拟方法以及人员撤离轨迹的高精度测量方法,并通过志愿者实验分别研究了机体倾斜姿态、事故声/光环境、过道障碍物等坠撞环境因素对民机乘员应急撤离的影响规律。结果表明:本文提出的考虑坠撞环境影响的应急撤离实验方法和坠撞环境模拟方案可行,获得了有效的实验数据;当机体姿态在俯仰角±5°以内变化时,对多乘员撤离的撤离总时间和撤离效率无显著影响,人群在过道区域上坡和下坡速度的差异随着俯仰角的增大而增大;坠撞事故声音和光照环境对乘员应急撤离有一定影响,事故背景声效会使撤离总时间减少,应急照明会使撤离总时间增加;客舱过道中存在障碍物时所需的撤离总时间总体增加,障碍物越靠近出口,撤离效率越低,而且相较于可移动型障碍物,固定型的障碍物会导致更低的撤离效率。

关键词: 适坠性, 客舱安全, 坠撞事故, 应急撤离, 环境模拟, 定位测量, 疏散效率

Abstract:

The environmental factors in survivable civil aircraft crash accidents have a significant impact on passenger evacuation. Based on the characteristics of typical survivable civil aircraft crash accident scenarios, this paper proposes an experimental method for passenger emergency evacuation that can simulate typical crash accident environments, and introduces simulation methods for aircraft body attitudes, environmental sound/light, cabin obstacles, visual environment of portholes, and high-precision measurement methods for the personnel evacuation trajectory. The impact of crash environment factors such as aircraft body tilt attitudes, accident sound/light environments, and aisle obstacles on the emergency evacuation of civil aircraft passengers is studied through volunteer experiments. The results indicate that the proposed experimental method for emergency evacuation considering the impact of crash environment and the simulation scheme for crash environment are feasible, and obtain effective experimental data; the aircraft body attitude change within a pitch angle of ± 5° has no significant impact on the total evacuation time and evacuation efficiency of multi-passenger evacuation, and the difference in the speed of passengers moving uphill and downhill in the aisle area increases with the increase of pitch angle; the sound and lighting environment of the crash accident have a certain impact on the emergency evacuation of passengers, and the accident background sound can reduce the total evacuation time, while emergency lighting increases the total evacuation time; obstacles in the cabin aisle overall increase the total evacuation time, with a shorter distance between the obstacles and the exit resulting in lower evacuation efficiency; compared to movable obstacles, fixed obstacles can lead to lower evacuation efficiency.

Key words: crashworthiness, cabin safety, crash accident, emergency evacuation, environment simulation, positioning survey, evacuation efficiency

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