航空学报 > 2022, Vol. 43 Issue (3): 626689-626689   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2021.26689

天问一号任务的技术创新(观点)

张荣桥1, 耿言1, 孙泽洲2, 李东3, 钟文安4, 李海涛5, 崔晓峰6, 刘建军7   

  1. 1. 探月与航天工程中心, 北京 100190;
    2. 北京空间飞行器总体设计部, 北京 100094;
    3. 中国运载火箭技术研究院, 北京 100076;
    4. 西昌卫星发射中心, 西昌 615099;
    5. 北京跟踪与测控通信技术研究所, 北京 100094;
    6. 北京航天飞行控制中心, 北京 100094;
    7. 中国科学院国家天文台, 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-23 修回日期:2021-12-01 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2021-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 耿言 E-mail:gengyan_tw@yeah.net
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大科技专项

Technical innovations of the Tianwen-1 Mission

ZHANG Rongqiao1, GENG Yan1, SUN Zezhou2, LI Dong3, ZHONG Wenan4, LI Haitao5, CUI Xiaofeng6, LIU Jianjun7   

  1. 1. Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center, Beijing 100190, China;
    2. Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China;
    3. China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China;
    4. Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Xichang 615099, China;
    5. Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China;
    6. Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China;
    7. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2021-11-23 Revised:2021-12-01 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2021-12-10
  • Supported by:
    National Science and Technology Major Project

摘要: 天问一号在国际上首次通过一次任务实现火星环绕、着陆、巡视的3大目标,突破了多项关键技术。本文介绍了天问一号的任务概况和飞行进展,全面总结了任务取得的8类创新成就和突破的主要关键技术。具体包括:火星环绕、着陆、巡视3大任务强耦合的总体设计、多弹道地球逃逸轨道发射、行星际飞行与火星捕获控制、火星进入下降着陆、火星表面恶劣环境应对、4亿千米远距离测控通信、遥感与巡视探测先进载荷、火星环境建模与地面验证试验。天问一号任务取得圆满成功,使得中国在深空探测领域一举进入世界先进行列。

关键词: 天问一号, 火星探测, 环绕、着陆和巡视, 创新成果, 关键技术

Abstract: Tianwen-1 is the first mission in the world to achieve the three goals of Mars orbiting, landing and roving in one mission, and has made some key-technology breakthroughs. The mission objectives and flight progress are introduced, and eight kinds of innovation achievements and the main technical breakthroughs are comprehensively summarized in this paper. Specifically, the key technologies include the overall design of Mars orbiting, landing and roving objectives strongly coupled, multi-trajectory launch of Earth escape orbit, interplanetary flight and Mars capture, Mars enter, descent and landing, solutions adaptive to Martian harsh environment, 400-million-kilometer communication, advanced payloads of remote sensing and patrol detection, and Mars environmental modeling and ground validation. The complete success of the mission has made China become one of the advanced countries in the field of deep space exploration.

Key words: Tianwen-1, Mars exploration, orbiting, landing and roving, innovation achievement, key technology

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