航空学报 > 2020, Vol. 41 Issue (8): 623693-623693   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.23693

发展单兵星敏导航装备的必要性及技术特点

郑勇1, 刘新江1,2, 李崇辉1   

  1. 1. 信息工程大学 地理空间信息学院, 郑州 450001;
    2. 32021 部队, 天津 300140
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-29 修回日期:2020-02-04 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2020-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 郑勇 E-mail:zhygj@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11673076)

Necessity and technical characteristics of developing single-soldier star sensor navigation equipment

ZHENG Yong1, LIU Xinjiang1,2, LI Chonghui1   

  1. 1. College of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
    2. Troop 32021, Tianjin 300140, China
  • Received:2019-11-29 Revised:2020-02-04 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-04-25
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (11673076)

摘要: 星光导航不受电磁干扰、能提供绝对姿态信息,具有重大战略意义。目前的星敏主要是为空天基导航而发展的,将其应用于单兵导航是否必要、需克服哪些技术难点、能达到怎样的效果等,都是值得探索的问题。为此,首先论述了发展单兵星敏导航装备的必要性,包括:不受电磁干扰破坏,是其他单兵导航装备失效时的保底装备;定向精度高,能弥补单兵卫星导航装备无法定向的缺陷;已突破部分气象因素限制,具备了全天时导航条件等。然后探讨了单兵星敏导航与空天基星敏导航、卫星导航、天文大地测量等比较所具有的不同技术特点。提出了发展单兵星敏导航装备需解决的关键技术问题,包括:气象因素影响的消减、时间基准和电源的长期维持、系统探测性能与系统小型化的平衡等。研究结果可为发展单兵星敏导航技术、设计研制单兵星敏导航系统提供参考。

关键词: 星敏, 单兵导航, 陆地导航, 星光导航, 天文导航

Abstract: Starlight navigation is of highly strategic significance because it is not subject to electromagnetic interference and can provide absolute attitude information. Currently, star sensors are mainly developed for aerospace navigation. The necessity, the technical difficulties, and the effects to be achieved of applying them to single-soldier navigation still remain unclear. This paper first discusses the necessity of developing single-soldier star sensor navigation equipment: It can serve as guarantee equipment when other navigation equipment fails because it cannot be damaged by electromagnetic interferences; Its high directional accuracy can compensate for the orientation deficiency of single soldier satellite navigation equipment; It enables all-time, all-weather navigation with its ability to overcome certain meteorological factors. Technical characteristics of the single-soldier star sensor navigation are compared with those of the aerospace star sensor navigation, satellite navigation, and astrogeodesy. Key technologies in developing single-soldier star sensor navigation equipment are then presented, including reduction of meteorological influences, long-term maintenance of time datum and power supply, balance of system detection performance and system miniaturization. The results provide reference for the development of single-soldier star sensor navigation technology and the design and development of single-soldier star sensor navigation system.

Key words: star sensors, single-soldier navigation, terrestrial navigation, starlight navigation, celestial navigation

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